Clientelism

https://encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz › Klientelismus
Clientelism client relations client lisme Klientelismus clientelismo Literatura Boissevain J Friends of Friends Oxford 1974 Durand Y Clienteles et fidelit s en Europe a l epoque moderne Paris 1981

https://www.britannica.com › topic › clientelism
Clientelism relationship between individuals with unequal economic and social status the boss and his clients that entails the reciprocal exchange of goods and services based on a personal link that

https://www.sciencedirect.com › topics › social-sciences › clientelism
Clientelism refers to allocation of private goods such as jobs or grants by a patron to his clients with an expected return of favors that reinforces patron leadership

https://ourworldindata.org › grapher › clientelism-index
Clientelism Index Data by V Dem Expert estimates of the extent to which public officials exchange targeted goods jobs or cash for electoral support The index ranges from 0 to 1 highly

https://www.researchgate.net › publication
Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency based exchange This method of contingent exchange thrives in both autocracies and

https://journals.sagepub.com › doi
Clientelism deeply interwoven with critical societal issues such as democratic erosion rising inequality and persistent poverty has further been spotlighted for its incendiary role in regions

https://www.nber.org › papers
We define clientelism as the exchange of votes or electoral participation for targeted material benefits and argue that it undermines electoral accountability fostering rent seeking and the underprovision

https://easysociology.com › sociology-of-power › ...
Clientelism can take various forms depending on the cultural social and political context in which it operates In some cases it may involve a hierarchical relationship with the patron

https://www.annualreviews.org › content › journals
Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency based exchange This method of contingent exchange thrives in both autocracies and democracies It